Sources & References

Janis, CM and RL Berner Front. Ecol. Evol., 12 April 2019 Sec. Paleontology Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00119

Jonsson et al,  Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity, PNAS,  December 1, 2014 111 (52) 18655-18660 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412627111


Wade et all Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse SCIENCE 6 Nov 2009 Vol 326, Issue 5954 pp. 865-867 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178158

Chacon, Herman Tratado de la cavalleria de la gineta Hernan Chacon 1551 (Fallows translation) 

Iriarte José,  Ziegler Michael J.,  Outram Alan K., Robinson Mark, Roberts Patrick, Aceituno Francisco J., Morcote-Ríos Gaspar and Keesey T. Michael 2022 Ice Age megafauna rock art in the Colombian Amazon?Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B3772020049620200496 http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0496

Janis, CM and RL Berner Front. Ecol. Evol., 12 April 2019 Sec. Paleontology Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00119

Singh, B, Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy 5th Edition - December 27, 2016 Hardback ISBN:9780323442640 eBook ISBN: 9780323442596

Spruytte, J., Littauer, M., Early Harness Systems, Hyperion Books, 1990 

http://www.humanist.de/rome/harnessing/collar-ma.html 

(collars of the Middle Ages) 

http://www.humanist.de/rome/rts/agriculture.html 

(Roman traction systems) 

http://www.larsdatter.com/harrows.htm 

(manuscript links) 

Link to the YouTube Video of the Harrow Demo 

https://youtu.be/dPzb3ucHH-I 

Britanica -  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Catherine-de-Medici

Strickland, Agnes (1841). Berengaria of Navarre. Anne of Bohemia. Lea & Blanchard. p. 309. anne bohemia sidesaddle.

Disputed information:
Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidesaddle

Blundeville, Thomas  A Newe Booke Containing The Arte of Ryding, and Breaking Greate Horses Together with the Shapes and Figures Of Many and Diverse Kyndes of Byttes, Mete to Serve Diverse Mounthes. Blundville's 1561 translation of Grisone's Rules of Riding/Gli Ordini di Cavalcare published in 1550

Corte, Claudio Il cavallarizzo 1562 (Tomassini translation)

Fitz-Stephens, William A Description of the City of London 1170 

Markham, Gervase  The Compleat Horseman 1614 (Discourse on Horsemanship originally published 1593)

de Reayo, Juan Quijada   Del arte de la cavalleria 1548 (Fallows translation) 

Xenophon Three Essays - On the Duties of a Cavalry General, on Horsemanship, and on Hunting ~400BC translated by Dakyns 1897 

De Sahagún, B et al Florentine Codex, 1577 

Diaz, B Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (The True History of the Conquest of New Spain), 1568 (JOHN INGRAM LOCKHART, F.R.A.S. trans)

The Digital Florentine Codex (accessed November 2023)

https://tenochtitlan.thomaskole.nl/ (accessed November 2023)

Renton, KE "A Social and Environmental History of the Horse in Spain and Spanish America, 1492-1600" UCLA 2018

Renton, KE Feral Empire: Horse and Human in the Medieval and Early Modern Iberian World (In Press: Cambridge University Press)

Gregson, Ronald E. “The Influence of the Horse on Indian Cultures of Lowland South America.” Ethnohistory, vol. 16, no. 1, 1969, pp. 33–50. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/480942. Accessed 4 Oct. 2023.

Nichols, Madaline W. “The Spanish Horse of the Pampas.” American Anthropologist, vol. 41, no. 1, 1939, pp. 119–29. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/661727. Accessed 30 Sept. 2023. 

Caracciolo, Pasquale La Gloria del cavallo 1566 (Tomassini translation)
Fitz-Stephens "A Description of the City of London" 1170
Grissone, Federico Gli Ordini di Cavalcare 1550 Tobey/Deigan translation 2014

Markham, Gervase The Compleat Horseman 1614 (Discourse on Horsemanship originally published 1593) 

Gräfin Cornelia vom Distelfeld, Personal Communication, 2023

Labell, Shellie A  JD/MA/MLIS Sixteenth-Century German Participation in New World Colonization: A Historiography
Lacas MM  “A Sixteenth-Century German Colonizing Venture in Venezuela,” The Americas 9, no. 3 (Jan. 1953): 277.
Von Hutton, Philip  Zeitung aus India Junkher  1535-1546  Literary and Historical Magazine by Meusel (Bayreuth and Leipzig, 1785)
Walter, Der Traum von Eldorado, 65-66 

*Images/translations Wiktenauer content is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0

https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Paulus_Hector_Mair

https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Fiore_de%27i_Liberi


Photo and Video by: Marc de Arundel, Else Hunrvogt, Patricia Blakethorn, Heinrich von Melk, Esmeralda of the Lakes, Kathryn Onara, Montse of Canale


REFERENCES

Blundville, Thomas. A Newe Booke Containing The Arte of Ryding, and Breaking Greate Horses Together with the Shapes and Figures Of Many and Diverse Kyndes of Byttes, Mete to Serve Diverse Mouthes. 1561


Cuneo, Pia “Translation as Appropriation: Sixteenth Century German Translation of Grisone and Issues of Regional and Professional Identities” Annual Meeting of the Sixteenth Century Studies Conference, St, Louis, 2008


Meÿer, Joachim. The Art of Combat: A German Martial Arts Treatise of 1570. Translated by Jeffrey L. Forgeng. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.


Singh, Baljit (ed) Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy 5th ed. Saunders 2017.


Tobey, Elizabeth. Federico Grisone: The Rules of Riding. An edited translation of the first Renaissance treatise on classical horsemanship. Translated by Elizabeth MacKenzie Tobey and Federica Brunori Deigan, ACMRS Tempe, AZ 2014


Tomasini, Giovanni Bautista. The Italian Tradition of Equestrian Art: a Survey of the treatise on Horsemanship from the Renaissance and the Centuries Following. R. William (ed) 2014


Cod.HS.3227a. Translated by David Lindholm, Malmo, Sweden April 2005 (http://www.thearma.org/Manuals/Dobringer_A5_sidebyside.pdf)

de Liberi, Fiore 'Flos Duellatorum'. Translated by Hermes Michelini, Calgary, 2001 (http://www.aemma.org/onlineResources/liberi/wildRose/fiore.html)

MS Ludwig XV 13 Fior di Battaglia c1404 (https://wiktenauer.com/wiki/Fior_di_Battaglia_(MS_Ludwig_XV_13)

Duarte I of Portugal, The Book of Horsemanship, 1438 (Forgeng translation 2016)

D. P. Gifford-Gonzalez, K. U. Sunseri, “Foodways on the frontier: animal use and identity in early colonial New Mexico” in We Are What We Eat: Archaeology, Food, and Identity, K. C. Twiss, Ed. (Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois Univ., 2007) , pp. 260–287.

JHTR Horse-Human Anatomy Information Sheet  accessed online 10/1/2023

E. L. Jones, L. W. Steele, C. Conrad, Archaeological data suggest seventeenth-century presence of Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in the Middle Rio Grande. West. N. Am. Nat. 82, 17 (2022)

M. P. Marshall, Seventeenth-century Colono form ceramics from the Isleta Pueblo Mission, New Mexico. Pottery Southwest 37, 2–35 (2021). 

William Timothy Treal Taylor et al. Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies.Science379,1316-1323(2023).DOI:10.1126/science.adc9691

N. H. Thomas, “Seventeenth century metallurgy on the Spanish colonial frontier: transformations of technology, value and identity,” thesis, University of Arizona (2008)

A. O. Vershinina et al., Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge. Mol. Ecol. 30, 6144–6161 (2021). doi:10.1111/mec.15977 Medline 

Singh, B, Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy 5th Edition - December 27, 2016 Hardback ISBN:9780323442640 eBook ISBN: 9780323442596